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:''For the Yehi'am Fortress/Judin Castle see this link. Khirbat Jiddin ((アラビア語:خربة جدين)) is the site of the Crusader castle of Judin, built by the Teutonic Order after 1220 in the western Upper Galilee, 16 km northeast of the city of Acre, which at the time was the capital of the Crusader kingdom. The castle was destroyed by the Mamluk sultan Baibars sometime between 1268-1271 and lay in ruins until being rebuilt and expanded by the Arab ruler Zahir al-Umar as Qal'at Jiddin (Jiddin Castle) in the 1760s, only to be destroyed again around 1775 by Jezzar Pasha.〔(Yeruham National Park, English version, 18/8/2013. )〕〔Pringle et al., 1994.〕 The ruined fortress, known as Khirbat Jiddin (lit. "ruins of Jiddin"), was later inhabited by the al-Suwaytat Bedouin tribe.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jiddin, Khirbat )〕 According to a 1945 census, there were 1,500 Muslims living in the area. Khirbat Jiddin land totaled 7,587 dunums, of which however all but 34 were officially listed as non-cultivable; 4,238 were owned by Arabs and 3,349 dunums owned by Jews.〔 Kibbutz Yehiam was established in the area in 1946.〔(About Kibbutz Yehiam )〕 The establishment of the kibbutz is described on its own Wikipedia page. Today the remains of the castle are in Yehi'am Fortress National Park. == History == The site was inhabited in the Byzantine period.〔 The Crusaders called the place ''Judin'' or ''Judyn.'' A Crusader castle was built there some time after May 1220, when the Teutonic Order acquired the nearby village of Shifaya.〔Pringle, 1997, pp. ( 80 ) - 82〕〔Pringle, 1998, p. ( 162 )〕 The village fell to Sultan Baibars between 1268 and 1271. In 1283, Burchard of Mount Sion described a destroyed castle on the site that had belonged to the Teutonic Order.〔〔Laurent, 1864, p. (34 )〕 Marino Sanuto, in 1322, still referred to it as a castle belonging to the Teutonic Knights.〔Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. (154 )〕 The castle was built around two towers with an outer enclosure wall.〔Petersen, 2001, p. 251〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khirbat Jiddin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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